Ma Tap (Malo Oyesera Kulowa), yomwe imadziwikanso kutiTap Yobwerezabwereza, Tap Yophatikiza, Kukanikiza Kogwira Ntchito, Tapu ya Mkuwa, Tap ya Ethaneti, Tap Yowala, Kupopera Kwathupi, ndi zina zotero. Ma Tap ndi njira yotchuka yopezera deta ya netiweki. Amapereka mawonekedwe athunthu a momwe deta ya netiweki imayendera komanso amawunika molondola zokambirana za mbali ziwiri pa liwiro lonse la mzere, popanda kutayika kwa paketi kapena kuchedwa. Kubwera kwa ma TAP kwasintha kwambiri gawo la kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira netiweki, kusintha kwakukulu njira zopezera njira zowunikira ndi kusanthula ndikupereka yankho lathunthu komanso losinthasintha la dongosolo lonse lowunikira.
Kukula kwa ukadaulo komwe kukuchitika panopa kwapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matepi: matepi omwe amaphatikiza maulalo angapo, matepi obwezeretsanso omwe amagawa magalimoto a ulalo m'zigawo zingapo, matepi odutsa, ndi matrix tap switch.
Pakadali pano, makampani otchuka kwambiri a Tap mumakampaniwa ndi NetTAP ndi Mylinking, omwe Mylinking imadziwika kuti ndi kampani yabwino kwambiri ya Tap ndi NPB mumakampani aku China, yokhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika, kukhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino.
Ubwino wa TAP
1. Kujambula mapaketi 100% a deta popanda kutayika kwa paketi.
2. Mapaketi a data osakhazikika amatha kuyang'aniridwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa mavuto.
3. Zizindikiro zolondola za nthawi, palibe kuchedwa ndi nthawi yosinthira.
4. Kukhazikitsa kamodzi kokha kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulumikiza ndikusuntha chowunikira.
Zoyipa za TAP
1. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowonjezera kuti mugule splitter TAP, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo ndipo imatenga malo ambiri oikamo.
2. Ulalo umodzi wokha ndi womwe ungawonedwe nthawi imodzi.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito TAP Mwachizolowezi
1. Maulalo amalonda: Maulalo awa amafunika nthawi yochepa kwambiri yothetsera mavuto. Mwa kuyika ma TAP mu maulalo awa, mainjiniya a netiweki amatha kupeza ndikuthetsa mavuto mwadzidzidzi mwachangu.
2. Maulalo apakati kapena a msana. Awa ali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bandwidth yambiri ndipo sangasokonezedwe polumikiza kapena kusuntha chowunikira. TAP imatsimikizira kuti deta yatengedwa 100% popanda kutayika kwa paketi, zomwe zimapereka chitsimikizo cha magwiridwe antchito kuti maulalo awa ayesedwe molondola.
3. VoIP ndi QoS: Kuyesa kwa VoIP kwa mtundu wa ntchito kumafuna kuyeza molondola kwa jitter ndi kutayika kwa paketi. Ma TAP amatsimikizira mayesowa mokwanira, koma ma mirrored ports amatha kusintha ma jitter values ndikupereka mitengo yotayika ya paketi yosatheka.
4. Kuthetsa Mavuto: Onetsetsani kuti mapaketi a data osakhazikika komanso olakwika apezeka. Ma mirrored ports adzasefa mapaketi awa, zomwe zimalepheretsa mainjiniya kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira komanso chokwanira cha data kuti athetse mavuto.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito IDS: IDS imadalira chidziwitso chonse cha deta kuti izindikire mawonekedwe olowera, ndipo TAP ikhoza kupereka njira zodalirika komanso zathunthu zopezera deta ku dongosolo lozindikira kulowerera.
6. Gulu la ma seva: Chogawanitsa madoko ambiri chimatha kulumikiza maulalo a 8/12 nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimathandiza kusinthana kwakutali ndi kwaulere, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuwunika ndi kusanthula nthawi iliyonse.
SPAN (Kusanthula kwa Madoko Osinthira)imadziwikanso kuti Mirrored Port kapena Port Mirror. Ma switch apamwamba amatha kukopera mapaketi a data kuchokera ku port imodzi kapena zingapo kupita ku port yodziwika, yotchedwa "mirror port" kapena "destination port." Chowunikira chimatha kulumikizana ndi mirrored port kuti chilandire deta. Komabe, izi zitha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito a switch ndikupangitsa kuti packet itayike pamene deta yadzaza kwambiri.
Ubwino wa SPAN
1. Yotsika mtengo, palibe zida zina zofunika.
2. Magalimoto onse pa VLAN pa switch amatha kuyang'aniridwa nthawi imodzi.
3. Chowunikira chimodzi chimatha kuyang'anira maulalo angapo.
Zoyipa za SPAN
1. Kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuchokera kumadoko angapo kupita ku doko limodzi kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa cache komanso kutayika kwa paketi.
2. Mapaketi amasinthidwa nthawi pamene akudutsa mu cache, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kudziwa molondola nthawi monga jitter, kusanthula kwa nthawi ya paketi, ndi latency.
3. Sitingathe kuyang'anira mapaketi a zolakwika a OSI layer 1.2. Ma port ambiri oyerekeza deta amasefa mapaketi a data osakhazikika, omwe sangapereke zambiri zatsatanetsatane komanso zothandiza pakukonza mavuto.
4. Chifukwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mu doko lojambulidwa kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa CPU mu switch, izi zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a switch achepe.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwachizolowezi kwa SPAN
1. Pa maulalo omwe ali ndi bandwidth yochepa komanso kuthekera kowonetsera bwino, kuwonetsa ma doko ambiri kungagwiritsidwe ntchito posanthula ndi kuyang'anira mosavuta.
2. Kuyang'anira zochitika: Ngati kuyang'anira kolondola sikofunikira, ziwerengero zosakhazikika zokha ndi zomwe zimakwanira.
3. Kusanthula kwa protocol ndi ntchito: chidziwitso chofunikira cha deta chingaperekedwe mosavuta komanso mopanda ndalama kuchokera pagalasi lowonera
4. Kuwunika konse kwa VLAN: Ukadaulo wowonera ma mirroring a ma port ambiri ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwunikira mosavuta VLAN yonse pa switch.
Chiyambi cha VLAN:
Choyamba, tiyeni tifotokoze mfundo yoyambira ya domain yowulutsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuchuluka kwa mafelemu owulutsa (ma adilesi a MAC onse ndi 1) omwe angatumizidwe, ndipo mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuchuluka kwa kulumikizana mwachindunji komwe kungatheke. Kunena zoona, osati mafelemu owulutsa okha, komanso mafelemu owulutsa ambiri ndi mafelemu osadziwika a unicast amatha kuyenda momasuka mkati mwa domain yomweyi yowulutsa.
Poyamba, switch ya Layer 2 inkangokhazikitsa domain imodzi yowulutsira. Pa switch ya Layer 2 popanda ma VLAN okonzedwa, chimango chilichonse chowulutsira chimatumizidwa ku madoko onse kupatula doko lolandirira (kusefukira). Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ma VLAN kumalola netiweki kugawidwa m'magawo angapo owulutsira. Ma VLAN ndi ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa ma domain owulutsira pa ma switch a Layer 2. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma VLAN, titha kupanga momasuka kapangidwe ka ma domain owulutsira, ndikuwonjezera kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe ka netiweki.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-04-2025
