Mu nthawi ya ma network othamanga kwambiri komanso zomangamanga zomwe zimapezeka mumtambo, kuyang'anira magalimoto a pa intaneti nthawi yeniyeni komanso moyenera kwakhala maziko a ntchito zodalirika za IT. Pamene ma network akukula kuti athandizire maulalo 10 Gbps+, mapulogalamu okhala ndi makontena, ndi zomangamanga zogawidwa, njira zowunikira magalimoto zachikhalidwe—monga kujambula mapaketi onse—sizingathekenso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Apa ndi pomwe sFlow (sampled Flow) imagwira ntchito: njira yopepuka, yokhazikika ya telemetry ya netiweki yopangidwa kuti ipereke mawonekedwe athunthu a magalimoto a netiweki popanda zida zolepheretsa ma netiweki. Mu blog iyi, tiyankha mafunso ofunikira kwambiri okhudza sFlow, kuyambira pa tanthauzo lake loyambira mpaka kugwira ntchito kwake kothandiza mu Network Packet Brokers (NPBs).
1. Kodi sFlow ndi chiyani?
sFlow ndi njira yotseguka, yodziwika bwino yowunikira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa intaneti yomwe idapangidwa ndi Inmon Corporation, yomwe yafotokozedwa mu RFC 3176. Mosiyana ndi zomwe dzina lake lingatanthauze, sFlow ilibe njira yodziwika bwino yotsatirira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto - ndi ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zomwe zimasonkhanitsa ndikutumiza ziwerengero za kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa intaneti kwa wosonkhanitsa wamkulu kuti awunikenso. Mosiyana ndi njira zodziwika bwino monga NetFlow, sFlow sisunga zolemba za kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pazida zapaintaneti; m'malo mwake, imagwira zitsanzo zazing'ono, zoyimira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi zida, kenako imatumiza deta iyi mwachangu kwa wosonkhanitsa kuti ikonzedwe.
Pakatikati pake, sFlow idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta komanso kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pang'ono. Imayikidwa mu zida za netiweki (ma switch, ma rauta, ma firewall) ngati sFlow Agent, zomwe zimathandiza kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni maulalo othamanga kwambiri (mpaka 10 Gbps ndi kupitirira apo) popanda kuwononga magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho kapena kufalikira kwa netiweki. Kukhazikika kwake kumatsimikizira kuti ogulitsa onse akugwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chapadziko lonse lapansi pa malo osiyanasiyana a netiweki.
2. Kodi sFlow Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
sFlow imagwira ntchito pa kapangidwe kosavuta, ka magawo awiri: sFlow Agent (yomwe imayikidwa mu zida za netiweki) ndi sFlow Collector (seva yolumikizidwa pakati yosonkhanitsa deta ndi kusanthula). Njira yogwirira ntchito imazungulira njira ziwiri zazikulu zotsanzira zitsanzo—kutsanzira phukusi ndi kutsanzira zitsanzo—ndi kutumiza deta, monga momwe zafotokozedwera pansipa:
2.1 Zigawo Zapakati
- sFlow Agent: Pulogalamu yopepuka yopangidwa mu zida za netiweki (monga Cisco switches, ma rauta a Huawei). Ili ndi udindo wosonkhanitsa zitsanzo za magalimoto ndi deta yotsutsana, kuyika deta iyi mu sFlow Datagrams, ndikutumiza kwa wosonkhanitsa kudzera mu UDP (doko lokhazikika 6343).
- sFlow Collector: Dongosolo lokhazikika (lomwe ndi lachilengedwe kapena la pa intaneti) lomwe limalandira, kusanthula, kusunga, ndikuwunika ma sFlow Datagrams. Mosiyana ndi osonkhanitsa a NetFlow, osonkhanitsa a sFlow ayenera kugwira mitu ya mapaketi osaphika (nthawi zambiri ma byte 60–140 pa chitsanzo chilichonse) ndikuwunikira kuti apeze chidziwitso chofunikira—kusinthasintha kumeneku kumalola kuthandizira ma pakiti osakhazikika monga MPLS, VXLAN, ndi GRE.
2.2 Njira Zofunikira Zosankhira Zitsanzo
sFlow imagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zowonjezera zitsanzo kuti iwonetse bwino momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili bwino:
1- Kusankha Mapaketi: Wothandizira amasankha mapaketi obwera/otuluka mwachisawawa pa ma interfaces owunikidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo za 1:2048 kumatanthauza kuti Wothandizira amajambula phukusi limodzi mwa mapaketi onse a 2048 (kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zokhazikika pazida zambiri). M'malo motenga mapaketi onse, amasonkhanitsa ma byte oyamba ochepa a mutu wa paketi (nthawi zambiri ma byte 60–140), omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chofunikira (IP yochokera/yopita, doko, protocol) pomwe akuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zoperekera. Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kumatha kukonzedwa ndipo kuyenera kusinthidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa netiweki—mitengo yokwera (zitsanzo zambiri) imawongolera kulondola koma imawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, pomwe mitengo yotsika imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zoperekera koma ikhoza kuphonya njira zosafunikira zopezera magalimoto.
2- Kusankha Zinthu Zotsutsana: Kuwonjezera pa zitsanzo za mapaketi, Wothandizira nthawi ndi nthawi amasonkhanitsa deta yotsutsana kuchokera ku ma network interfaces (monga ma byte otumizidwa/olandiridwa, ma packet drops, ma error rates) nthawi ndi nthawi (zosasinthika: masekondi 10). Deta iyi imapereka nkhani yokhudza thanzi la chipangizo ndi ulalo, kuwonjezera zitsanzo za mapaketi kuti apereke chithunzi chonse cha momwe netiweki imagwirira ntchito.
2.3 Kutumiza ndi Kusanthula Deta
Akasonkhanitsa, Wothandizira amaika zitsanzo za mapaketi ndi deta mu sFlow Datagrams (mapaketi a UDP) ndikuzitumiza kwa wosonkhanitsa. Wosonkhanitsa amasanthula ma datagram awa, kuphatikiza deta, ndikupanga zithunzi, malipoti, kapena machenjezo. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kuzindikira omwe amalankhula kwambiri, kuzindikira mawonekedwe osazolowereka a magalimoto (monga kuukira kwa DDoS), kapena kutsatira momwe bandwidth imagwiritsidwira ntchito pakapita nthawi. Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kumaphatikizidwa mu datagram iliyonse, kulola wosonkhanitsa kuti awerenge zambiri kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa magalimoto (monga, chitsanzo chimodzi pa 2048 chimatanthauza ~2048x kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe awonedwa).
3. Kodi Mtengo Waukulu wa sFlow ndi Chiyani?
Phindu la sFlow limachokera ku kuphatikiza kwake kwapadera kwa kukula, mtengo wotsika, ndi kukhazikika—kuthana ndi mavuto ofunikira pakuwunikira maukonde amakono. Mapindu ake akuluakulu ndi awa:
3.1 Kuchepetsa Ndalama Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito
Mosiyana ndi kujambula mapaketi onse (komwe kumafuna kusunga ndi kukonza paketi iliyonse) kapena ma protocol okhazikika monga NetFlow (yomwe imasunga matebulo oyendera pazida), sFlow imagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo ndipo imapewa kusungira deta yakomweko. Izi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito CPU, kukumbukira, ndi bandwidth pazida za netiweki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kulumikizana mwachangu komanso malo okhala ndi zinthu zochepa (monga ma netiweki ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati). Sikufuna zida zina zowonjezera kapena zosungira zosungira pazida zambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zotumizira.
3.2 Kukula Kwambiri
sFlow yapangidwa kuti ikule ndi maukonde amakono. Wosonkhanitsa mmodzi amatha kuyang'anira ma interfaces ambirimbiri m'zida mazanamazana, kuthandizira maulalo mpaka 100 Gbps ndi kupitirira apo. Njira yake yopezera zitsanzo imatsimikizira kuti ngakhale kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kukukwera, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa zinthu za Agent kumakhalabe koyenera - kofunikira kwambiri pa malo osungira deta ndi maukonde onyamula katundu omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri.
3.3 Kuwonekera Kwathunthu kwa Netiweki
Mwa kuphatikiza zitsanzo za phukusi (za kuchuluka kwa magalimoto) ndi zitsanzo zotsutsana (za thanzi la chipangizo/ulalo), sFlow imapereka mawonekedwe ochokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto mu kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa netiweki. Imathandizira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuchokera ku Gawo 2 mpaka Gawo 7, zomwe zimathandiza kuyang'anira mapulogalamu (monga intaneti, P2P, DNS), ma protocol (monga TCP, UDP, MPLS), ndi machitidwe a ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuwoneka kumeneku kumathandiza magulu a IT kuzindikira zopinga, kuthetsa mavuto, ndikukonza magwiridwe antchito a netiweki mwachangu.
3.4 Kukhazikitsa Malamulo Osalowerera Pankhani ya Ogulitsa
Monga muyezo wotseguka (RFC 3176), sFlow imathandizidwa ndi ogulitsa ma netiweki onse akuluakulu (Cisco, Huawei, Juniper, Arista) ndipo imagwirizana ndi zida zodziwika bwino zowunikira (monga, PRTG, SolarWinds, sFlow-RT). Izi zimachotsa kutseka kwa ogulitsa ndipo zimalola mabungwe kugwiritsa ntchito sFlow m'malo osiyanasiyana a netiweki (monga, zida zosakanikirana za Cisco ndi Huawei).
4. Zochitika Zachizolowezi Zogwiritsira Ntchito sFlow
Kusinthasintha kwa sFlow kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera m'malo osiyanasiyana a netiweki, kuyambira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono mpaka malo akuluakulu osungira deta. Zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi:
4.1 Kuyang'anira Netiweki ya Deta Center
Malo osungira deta amadalira maulalo othamanga kwambiri (10 Gbps+) ndipo amathandizira makina ambiri owonera (VMs) ndi mapulogalamu okhala ndi makontena. sFlow imapereka mawonekedwe enieni a kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa netiweki, kuthandiza magulu a IT kuzindikira "kuyenda kwa njovu" (kuyenda kwakukulu, kwanthawi yayitali komwe kumayambitsa kudzazana kwa deta), kukonza kugawa kwa bandwidth, ndikuthetsa mavuto olumikizirana pakati pa VM/container. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi SDN (Software-Defined Networking) kuti ithandize kuwongolera magalimoto.
4.2 Kuyang'anira Netiweki ya Kampani ya Makampani
Ma campus amakampani amafunika kuwunika kotsika mtengo komanso kowongoleredwa kuti atsatire kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, kutsatira mfundo za bandwidth, ndikupeza zolakwika (monga zida zosaloledwa, kugawana mafayilo a P2P). Kutsika kwa mtengo kwa sFlow kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pakusintha kwa masukulu ndi ma rauta, zomwe zimathandiza magulu a IT kuzindikira ma bandwidth hogs, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a mapulogalamu (monga Microsoft 365, Zoom), ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito alumikizana bwino.
4.3 Ntchito za Network ya Carrier-Grade
Ogwiritsa ntchito matelefoni amagwiritsa ntchito sFlow kuti ayang'anire maukonde a msana ndi mwayi wopeza, kutsatira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, kuchedwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa zolakwika m'ma interfaces zikwizikwi. Zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kukonza ubale wa peer, kuzindikira kuukira kwa DDoS koyambirira, ndikulipira makasitomala kutengera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka bandwidth (magwiritsidwe ntchito).
4.4 Kuwunika Chitetezo cha Netiweki
sFlow ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri kwa magulu achitetezo, chifukwa imatha kuzindikira njira zachilendo zoyendera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuukira kwa DDoS, ma port scan, kapena pulogalamu yaumbanda. Mwa kusanthula zitsanzo za mapaketi, osonkhanitsa amatha kuzindikira ma IP awiriawiri osazolowereka, kugwiritsa ntchito protocol mosayembekezereka, kapena kukwera mwadzidzidzi kwa magalimoto—zomwe zimayambitsa machenjezo kuti afufuzidwe kwambiri. Thandizo lake la mitu ya mapaketi osaphika limapangitsa kuti likhale lothandiza kwambiri pozindikira ma vector osagwirizana ndi muyezo (monga, magalimoto a DDoS obisika).
4.5 Kukonzekera Mphamvu ndi Kusanthula Zochitika
Mwa kusonkhanitsa deta yakale ya magalimoto, sFlow imathandiza magulu a IT kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika (monga kukwera kwa bandwidth nyengo, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu) ndikukonzekera kukweza ma netiweki mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati deta ya sFlow ikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito bandwidth kumawonjezeka ndi 20% pachaka, magulu amatha kupanga bajeti yopezera maulalo ena kapena zosintha zida zisanachitike kuchuluka kwa anthu.
5. Zolepheretsa za sFlow
Ngakhale kuti sFlow ndi chida champhamvu chowunikira, chili ndi zoletsa zomwe mabungwe ayenera kuganizira akamagwiritsa ntchito:
5.1 Kusinthanitsa Kulondola kwa Zitsanzo
Cholepheretsa chachikulu cha sFlow ndi kudalira kwake kutengera zitsanzo. Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zochepa (monga 1:10000) kungaphonye njira zosawoneka bwino koma zofunika kwambiri zoyendera (monga kuyenda kwa ziwopsezo kwakanthawi kochepa), pomwe kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zambiri kumawonjezera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, zitsanzo zimabweretsa kusiyana kwa ziwerengero—kuyerekeza kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto onse sikungakhale kolondola 100%, zomwe zingakhale zovuta pazochitika zogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuwerengera molondola kwa magalimoto (monga, kulipira ntchito zofunika kwambiri).
5.2 Palibe Kuyenda Konse kwa Nkhani
Mosiyana ndi NetFlow (yomwe imagwira zolemba zonse za kayendedwe ka zinthu, kuphatikizapo nthawi yoyambira/yotsiriza ndi ma baiti/mapaketi onse pa kayendedwe ka zinthu), sFlow imangogwira zitsanzo za phukusi lililonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsatira moyo wonse wa kayendedwe ka zinthu (monga kuzindikira nthawi yomwe kayendedwe ka zinthu kanayamba, nthawi yomwe kanatenga, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito bandwidth yonse).
5.3 Thandizo Lochepa la Ma Interface/Ma Mode Ena
Zipangizo zambiri za netiweki zimangothandizira sFlow pa ma interface enieni—ma interface enieni (monga ma VLAN subinterfaces, ma port channels) kapena ma stack modes sangathandizidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ma Cisco switch sathandizira sFlow ikayamba mu stack mode, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mu stack switch deployments.
5.4 Kudalira pa Kukhazikitsa kwa Othandizira
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa sFlow kumadalira mtundu wa momwe Agent amagwiritsira ntchito pazida za netiweki. Zipangizo zina zotsika mtengo kapena zida zakale zitha kukhala ndi Ma Agents osakonzedwa bwino omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri kapena kupereka zitsanzo zosalondola. Mwachitsanzo, ma routers ena ali ndi ma CPU owongolera pang'onopang'ono omwe amaletsa kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kulondola kozindikira ziwopsezo monga DDoS.
5.5 Chidziwitso Chochepa cha Magalimoto Obisika
sFlow imangogwira mitu ya mapaketi—ma traffic obisika (monga TLS 1.3) amabisa deta ya payload, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuzindikira ntchito yeniyeni kapena zomwe zili mu flow. Ngakhale sFlow ikadali ndi njira zoyambira zowerengera (monga gwero/komwe ikupita, kukula kwa paketi), singathe kuwonetsa bwino momwe magalimoto amayendera (monga, traffic yoipa yobisika mu HTTPS traffic).
5.6 Kuvuta kwa Wosonkhanitsa
Mosiyana ndi NetFlow (yomwe imapereka zolemba zoyendetsera ntchito zomwe zafufuzidwa kale), sFlow imafuna kuti osonkhanitsa awerenge mitu ya mapaketi osaphika. Izi zimawonjezera zovuta pakuyika ndi kuyang'anira osonkhanitsa, chifukwa magulu ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti osonkhanitsa akhoza kuthana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapaketi ndi ma protocol (monga MPLS, VXLAN).
6. Kodi sFlow Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji muWogulitsa Mapaketi a Pakompyuta (NPB)?
Network Packet Broker (NPB) ndi chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimasonkhanitsa, kusefa, ndikugawa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa intaneti ku zida zowunikira (monga sFlow collectors, IDS/IPS, machitidwe ojambulira mapaketi onse). Ma NPB amagwira ntchito ngati "malo olumikizira magalimoto," kuonetsetsa kuti zida zowunikira zimalandira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto komwe amafunikira - kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zida. Akaphatikizidwa ndi sFlow, ma NPB amawonjezera luso la sFlow pothana ndi zofooka zake ndikuwonjezera kuwoneka kwake.
6.1 Udindo wa NPB mu Kutumiza kwa sFlow
Mu njira zachikhalidwe zogwiritsira ntchito sFlow, chipangizo chilichonse cha netiweki (switch, rauta) chimayendetsa sFlow Agent yomwe imatumiza zitsanzo mwachindunji kwa wosonkhanitsa. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti wosonkhanitsa achuluke kwambiri m'ma netiweki akuluakulu (monga, zida zambirimbiri zomwe zimatumiza ma datagram a UDP nthawi imodzi) ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusefa magalimoto osafunikira. Ma NPB amathetsa izi pochita ngati sFlow Agent kapena wosonkhanitsa magalimoto, motere:
6.2 Njira Zolumikizirana Zofunikira
1- Kusankha kwa sFlow kwapakati: NPB imasonkhanitsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuchokera ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za netiweki (kudzera m'madoko a SPAN/RSPAN kapena TAPs), kenako imayendetsa sFlow Agent kuti iwonetse kuchuluka kwa magalimoto komwe kwaphatikizidwa. M'malo mwa chipangizo chilichonse kutumiza zitsanzo kwa wosonkhanitsa, NPB imatumiza mtsinje umodzi wa zitsanzo—kuchepetsa katundu wosonkhanitsa ndikuwongolera mosavuta. Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri pa ma netiweki akuluakulu, chifukwa imayika zitsanzo pakati ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kumasinthasintha pa netiweki yonse.
2- Kusefa ndi Kukonza Magalimoto: Ma NPB amatha kusefa magalimoto asanayambe kusankhidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti magalimoto oyenera okha (monga magalimoto ochokera ku ma subnet ofunikira, mapulogalamu enaake) ndi omwe amasankhidwa ndi sFlow Agent. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zomwe zimatumizidwa kwa wosonkhanitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa zofunikira zosungira. Mwachitsanzo, NPB imatha kusefa magalimoto oyendetsera mkati (monga SSH, SNMP) omwe safuna kuyang'aniridwa, kuyang'ana sFlow pa magalimoto ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu.
3- Kusonkhanitsa Zitsanzo ndi Kugwirizana: Ma NPB amatha kuphatikiza zitsanzo za sFlow kuchokera kuzipangizo zingapo, kenako nkugwirizanitsa deta iyi (monga, kulumikiza magalimoto kuchokera ku IP yochokera ku malo osiyanasiyana) asanatumize kwa osonkhanitsa. Izi zimapatsa osonkhanitsa mawonekedwe athunthu a kayendedwe ka netiweki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sFlow isatsatire momwe zinthu zilili. Ma NPB ena apamwamba amathandiziranso kusintha kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kutengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto (monga, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo panthawi ya kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuti akonze kulondola).
4- Kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi kupezeka kwakukulu: Ma NPB amatha kupereka njira zosafunikira za zitsanzo za sFlow, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe deta yomwe imatayika ngati wosonkhanitsa walephera. Amathanso kuyika zitsanzo m'malo osiyanasiyana osonkhanitsa, kuletsa wosonkhanitsa aliyense kukhala wovuta.
6.3 Ubwino Wothandiza wa NPB + sFlow Integration
Kuphatikiza sFlow ndi NPB kumabweretsa zabwino zingapo zazikulu:
- Kukula: Ma NPB amasamalira kusonkhanitsa magalimoto ndi zitsanzo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chosonkhanitsa cha sFlow chizitha kugwira ntchito ndi zida zambiri popanda kudzaza kwambiri.
- Kulondola: Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo ndi kusefa kwa magalimoto kumathandizira kulondola kwa deta ya sFlow, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusowa kwa njira zofunika kwambiri zoyendera.
- Kuchita bwino: Kusankha zitsanzo ndi kusefa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zomwe zimatumizidwa kwa wosonkhanitsa, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa bandwidth ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito posungira.
- Kuwongolera Kosavuta: Ma NPB amaika pakati kasinthidwe ndi kuyang'anira kwa sFlow, kuchotsa kufunikira kokhazikitsa Ma Agent pa chipangizo chilichonse cha netiweki.
Mapeto
sFlow ndi njira yopepuka, yokwezeka, komanso yokhazikika yowunikira maukonde yomwe imathetsa mavuto apadera a maukonde amakono othamanga kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosankha kuti musonkhanitse anthu ambiri komanso deta yotsutsana, imapereka mawonekedwe abwino popanda kuwononga magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho—kupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera malo osungira deta, mabizinesi, ndi makampani onyamula deta. Ngakhale ili ndi zolepheretsa (monga kulondola kwa njira yosankha, kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka deta), izi zitha kuchepetsedwa pophatikiza sFlow ndi Network Packet Broker, yomwe imayang'anira njira yosankha, kusefa anthu ambiri, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa deta.
Kaya mukuyang'anira netiweki yaying'ono ya ku yunivesite kapena msana waukulu wa kampani yonyamula katundu, sFlow imapereka njira yotsika mtengo komanso yosagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kuti mupeze chidziwitso chogwira ntchito bwino pa netiweki. Ikaphatikizidwa ndi NPB, imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri—yothandiza mabungwe kukulitsa zomangamanga zawo zowunikira ndikusunga mawonekedwe pamene ma netiweki awo akukula.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-05-2026
