5G ndi Network Slicing
Pamene 5G imatchulidwa kwambiri, Network Slicing ndiyo teknoloji yomwe imakambidwa kwambiri pakati pawo. Ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki monga KT, SK Telecom, China Mobile, DT, KDDI, NTT, ndi ogulitsa zida monga Nokia, Nokia, ndi Huawei onse amakhulupirira kuti Network Slicing ndiye njira yabwino yopangira maukonde munthawi ya 5G.
Ukadaulo watsopanowu umalola ogwiritsa ntchito kugawa maukonde angapo pafupifupi kumapeto-kumapeto mumayendedwe a hardware, ndipo Gawo lililonse la Network limasiyanitsidwa ndi chipangizocho, maukonde ofikira, maukonde oyendera ndi maukonde oyambira kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mautumiki.
Pa Network Slice iliyonse, zinthu zodzipatulira monga ma seva enieni, bandwidth ya netiweki, ndi mtundu wa ntchito ndizotsimikizika. Popeza magawo ali olekanitsidwa wina ndi mzake, zolakwika kapena zolephera pagawo limodzi sizingakhudze kulumikizana kwa magawo ena.
Chifukwa chiyani 5G ikufunika Network Slicing?
Kuyambira m'mbuyomu mpaka ma netiweki apano a 4G, maukonde am'manja amathandizira kwambiri mafoni am'manja, ndipo nthawi zambiri amangokhathamiritsa mafoni am'manja. Komabe, mu nthawi ya 5G, maukonde am'manja amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira. Zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi zikuphatikiza ma foni am'manja, ma iot akulu, ndi ma iot ofunikira kwambiri. Onse amafunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukonde ndipo ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pakuyenda, kuwerengera ndalama, chitetezo, kuwongolera ndondomeko, latency, kudalirika ndi zina zotero.
Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yaikulu ya iot imagwirizanitsa masensa osasunthika kuti athe kuyeza kutentha, chinyezi, mvula, ndi zina zotero. Palibe chifukwa choperekera, zosintha za malo, ndi zina za mafoni akuluakulu omwe amatumikira pa intaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, mautumiki ofunikira kwambiri a iot monga kuyendetsa pawokha komanso kuwongolera kwakutali kwa maloboti amafuna latency yomaliza mpaka kumapeto kwa ma milliseconds angapo, omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mautumiki amtundu wa mafoni.
Zochitika Zazikulu Zogwiritsira Ntchito 5G
Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti timafunikira netiweki yodzipereka pa ntchito iliyonse? Mwachitsanzo, wina amagwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja a 5G, wina amagwiritsa ntchito 5G yaikulu iot, ndipo wina amagwiritsa ntchito 5G mission critical iot. Sitifunika kutero, chifukwa titha kugwiritsa ntchito kudula maukonde kuti tigawanitse maukonde angapo omveka kuchokera pa intaneti yosiyana, yomwe ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri!
Zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito Network Slicing
Gawo la network ya 5G lomwe likufotokozedwa mu pepala loyera la 5G lotulutsidwa ndi NGMN likuwonetsedwa pansipa:
Kodi timakhazikitsa bwanji kumapeto kwa Network Slicing?
(1) 5G opanda zingwe maukonde ndi core network: NFV
Masiku ano mafoni am'manja, chipangizo chachikulu ndi foni yam'manja. RAN (DU ndi RU) ndi ntchito zazikuluzikulu zimamangidwa kuchokera ku zida zodzipatulira zoperekedwa ndi ogulitsa RAN. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kudula maukonde, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) ndiyofunikira. Kwenikweni, lingaliro lalikulu la NFV ndikuyika mapulogalamu amtundu wa netiweki (ie MME, S/P-GW ndi PCRF mu paketi pachimake ndi DU mu RAN) onse m'makina omwe ali pamaseva amalonda m'malo mopatula padera pazodzipereka zawo. zida zama network. Mwanjira iyi, RAN imatengedwa ngati mtambo wam'mphepete, pomwe ntchito yayikulu imatengedwa ngati mtambo wapakati. Kulumikizana pakati pa VMS yomwe ili m'mphepete ndi mumtambo wapakati kumakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito SDN. Kenako, kagawo kamapangidwa pa ntchito iliyonse (ie kagawo kakang'ono ka foni, kagawo kakang'ono ka iot, kagawo kofunikira kwambiri, ndi zina).
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito imodzi mwa Network Slicing(I)?
Chithunzi chili m'munsichi chikuwonetsa momwe ntchito iliyonse yokhudzana ndi ntchito ingasinthidwe ndikuyika pagawo lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, slicing ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa motere:
(1)UHD slicing: virtualizing DU, 5G core (UP) ndi ma cache servers mumtambo wamphepete, ndi virtualizing 5G core (CP) ndi ma seva a MVO mumtambo wapakati
(2) Kudula foni: kukulitsa ma cores a 5G (UP ndi CP) ndi maseva a IMS okhala ndi kuthekera kokwanira koyenda mumtambo wapakati
(3) Kucheka kwakukulu kwa iot (mwachitsanzo, ma sensa network): Kuwona choyambira chosavuta komanso chopepuka cha 5G mumtambo wapakati kulibe mphamvu zoyendetsera
(4) Kudula kwa iot yofunikira kwambiri: Virtualizing 5G cores (UP) ndi ma seva ogwirizana (mwachitsanzo, ma seva a V2X) mumtambo wam'mphepete kuti muchepetse kuchedwa
Mpaka pano, tifunika kupanga magawo odzipereka a mautumiki omwe ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo magwiridwe antchito a netiweki amayikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana pagawo lililonse (mwachitsanzo, mtambo wam'mphepete kapena mtambo wapakati) molingana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zina za netiweki, monga kubweza, kuwongolera malamulo, ndi zina zambiri, zitha kukhala zofunikira m'magawo ena, koma osati mwa ena. Othandizira amatha kusintha masitayilo amtaneti momwe akufunira, ndipo mwina njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito imodzi mwa Network Slicing(I)?
(2) Kudula maukonde pakati pamphepete ndi mtambo wapakati: IP/MPLS-SDN
Mapulogalamu otanthauzira maukonde, ngakhale lingaliro losavuta pomwe lidayambitsidwa koyamba, likukhala lovuta kwambiri. Kutengera mawonekedwe a Overlay mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa SDN ukhoza kupereka kulumikizana kwa netiweki pakati pa makina pafupifupi pamaneti omwe alipo.
Mapeto-to-mapeto Network Slicing
Choyamba, timayang'ana momwe tingatsimikizire kuti kugwirizana kwa intaneti pakati pa mtambo wam'mphepete ndi makina apakatikati amtambo ndi otetezeka. Maukonde pakati pa makina enieni akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kutengera IP/MPLS-SDN ndi Transport SDN. Mu pepala ili, timayang'ana kwambiri IP/MPLS-SDN yoperekedwa ndi ogulitsa rauta. Ericsson ndi Juniper onse amapereka IP/MPLS SDN network zomanga. Zochitazo ndizosiyana pang'ono, koma kulumikizana pakati pa SDN-based VMS ndikofanana kwambiri.
Mumtambo wapakati pali ma seva osinthika. Mu hypervisor ya seva, yesani vRouter/vSwitch yomangidwa. Wowongolera wa SDN amapereka kasinthidwe kangalande pakati pa seva yokhazikika ndi rauta ya DC G/W (rauta ya PE yomwe imapanga MPLS L3 VPN mumtambo wa data center). Pangani mayendedwe a SDN (ie MPLS GRE kapena VXLAN) pakati pa makina aliwonse (monga 5G IoT core) ndi ma routers a DC G/W mumtambo wapakati.
Woyang'anira SDN ndiye amayang'anira mapu pakati pa ngalandezi ndi MPLS L3 VPN, monga IoT VPN. Njirayi ndi yofanana mumtambo wa m'mphepete, ndikupanga kagawo kakang'ono kamene kamalumikizidwa kuchokera pamtambo wam'mphepete kupita ku IP / MPLS msana ndi njira yonse yopita kumtambo wapakati. Njirayi ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa motengera matekinoloje ndi miyezo yomwe ili yokhwima komanso yomwe ilipo mpaka pano.
(3) Kudula maukonde pakati pa m'mphepete ndi mtambo wapakati: IP/MPLS-SDN
Chotsalira pano ndi network fronthawall network. Kodi timadula bwanji netiweki yakutsogolo iyi pakati pa mtambo wam'mphepete ndi 5G RU? Choyamba, ma network a 5G kutsogolo ayenera kufotokozedwa poyamba. Pali zosankha zomwe zikukambidwa (mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsa netiweki yatsopano yotengera paketi pofotokozeranso magwiridwe antchito a DU ndi RU), koma palibe tanthauzo lokhazikika lomwe lapangidwabe. Chithunzi chotsatirachi ndi chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mu gulu la ogwira ntchito la ITU IMT 2020 ndikupereka chitsanzo cha netiweki ya fronhaul.
Chitsanzo cha 5G C-RAN Network Slicing ndi ITU Organization
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-02-2024
