Chiyambi
Kuyenda pa intaneti ndi chiwerengero chonse cha mapaketi omwe amadutsa mu ulalo wa netiweki mu nthawi ya unit, yomwe ndi chizindikiro chofunikira poyesa momwe katundu wa netiweki amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amatumizirana mauthenga. Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa intaneti ndikutenga deta yonse ya mapaketi otumizira mauthenga pa intaneti ndi ziwerengero, ndipo kunyamula deta ya magalimoto pa intaneti ndikutenga mapaketi a data a IP pa intaneti.
Ndi kukula kwa kukula kwa netiweki ya Q center center, makina ogwiritsira ntchito akuchulukirachulukira, kapangidwe ka netiweki kakuchulukirachulukira, ntchito za netiweki pazofunikira pazida za netiweki zikuchulukirachulukira, ziwopsezo zachitetezo cha netiweki zikuchulukirachulukira, magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza zofunikira zokonzedwa zikupitilirabe kusintha, kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula kwa magalimoto a netiweki kwakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yowunikira zomangamanga za malo a data. Kudzera mu kusanthula mozama kwa magalimoto a netiweki, oyang'anira ma netiweki amatha kufulumizitsa malo olakwika, kusanthula deta ya mapulogalamu, kukonza kapangidwe ka netiweki, magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo ndi kuwongolera chitetezo mwachangu kwambiri, ndikufulumizitsa malo olakwika. Kusonkhanitsa magalimoto a netiweki ndiye maziko a dongosolo lowunikira magalimoto. Netiweki yokwanira, yomveka bwino komanso yothandiza yowunikira magalimoto a netiweki ndi yothandiza kukonza magwiridwe antchito owunikira magalimoto a netiweki, kukwaniritsa zosowa za kusanthula magalimoto kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, kukonza zizindikiro za magwiridwe antchito a netiweki ndi bizinesi, ndikuwonjezera zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo komanso kukhutira.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuphunzira njira ndi zida zopezera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenda pa intaneti kuti timvetsetse bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito netiweki, kuyang'anira ndikusanthula bwino netiwekiyo.
Ubwino wa Kusonkhanitsa/Kujambula Magalimoto a Pa Intaneti
Pa ntchito ndi kukonza malo osungira deta, kudzera mu kukhazikitsa nsanja yolumikizana yojambulira magalimoto pa netiweki, kuphatikiza nsanja yowunikira ndi kusanthula kungathandize kwambiri kasamalidwe ka ntchito ndi kukonza komanso kasamalidwe kopitilira bizinesi.
1. Perekani Gwero la Deta Yowunikira ndi Kusanthula: Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amalumikizana ndi bizinesi pa zomangamanga za netiweki zomwe zimapezeka pogwira ntchito yowunikira anthu omwe amalumikizana ndi netiweki kungapereke gwero lofunikira la deta yowunikira ma netiweki, kuyang'anira chitetezo, deta yayikulu, kusanthula khalidwe la makasitomala, kusanthula ndi kukonza zofunikira pa njira yopezera njira, mitundu yonse ya nsanja zowunikira zowonera, komanso kusanthula mtengo, kukulitsa mapulogalamu ndi kusamutsa.
2. Kutha Kutsata Zinthu Zonse Zokhudza Kuzindikira Zolakwika: Kudzera mu kutsata anthu omwe akuyenda pa netiweki, imatha kusanthula zinthu zakale ndikupeza zolakwika, kupereka chithandizo cha deta yakale pakupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi madipatimenti abizinesi, ndikuthetsa vuto la kutsata umboni kovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zochepa komanso kukana.
3. Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchita Bwino kwa Kuthana ndi Zolakwika. Mwa kupereka gwero logwirizana la deta ya netiweki, kuyang'anira mapulogalamu, kuyang'anira chitetezo ndi mapulatifomu ena, zitha kuthetsa kusagwirizana ndi kusagwirizana kwa chidziwitso chosonkhanitsidwa ndi mapulatifomu oyambira oyang'anira, kukonza magwiridwe antchito pothana ndi zovuta zamtundu uliwonse, kupeza vuto mwachangu, kuyambiranso bizinesi, ndikukweza mulingo wopitilira bizinesi.
Kugawa kwa Kusonkhanitsa/Kujambula Magalimoto pa Netiweki
Kujambula kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenda pa intaneti makamaka kumayang'anira ndikuwunika makhalidwe ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenda pa intaneti kuti amvetse bwino kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenda pa intaneti yonse. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana a kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenda pa intaneti, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenda pa intaneti kumagawidwa m'magulu monga ma network node port traffic, ma IP traffic ochokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenda pa intaneti ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenda pa intaneti.
1. Magalimoto a Network Node Port
Kuchuluka kwa ma network node port kumatanthauza ziwerengero zazidziwitso za ma packet olowa ndi otuluka pa network node device port. Zimaphatikizapo chiwerengero cha ma data packet, chiwerengero cha ma byte, kugawa kwa ma packet kukula, kutayika kwa ma packet ndi zina zomwe sizikuphunzira ziwerengero.
2. Magalimoto a IP kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto
Mayendedwe a IP kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto amatanthauza gawo la netiweki kuchokera ku gwero kupita kopita! Ziwerengero za mapaketi a P. Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa madoko a netiweki, kuchuluka kwa ma IP kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto kuli ndi zambiri zambiri. Kudzera mu kusanthula kwake, titha kudziwa netiweki yopita komwe ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali mu netiweki amafikira, yomwe ndi maziko ofunikira pakusanthula, kukonzekera, kupanga ndi kukonza ma netiweki.
3. Magalimoto Ogwira Ntchito Pagulu
Magalimoto a gawo la utumiki ali ndi zambiri zokhudza madoko a gawo lachinayi (TCP day layer) kuwonjezera pa magalimoto a IP kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto. Mwachionekere, ali ndi zambiri zokhudza mitundu ya ntchito zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza mwatsatanetsatane.
4. Kuchuluka kwa Magalimoto a Deta ya Ogwiritsa Ntchito Bizinesi
Kuchuluka kwa deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kothandiza kwambiri pofufuza chitetezo, magwiridwe antchito ndi zina. Kujambula deta yonse ya ogwiritsa ntchito kumafuna luso logwira ntchito mwamphamvu komanso liwiro lalikulu losungira ma hard disk ndi mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, kujambula mapaketi a deta omwe akubwera a hackers kumatha kuletsa milandu ina kapena kupeza umboni wofunikira.
Njira Yodziwika Yosonkhanitsira/Kujambula Magalimoto Pa Netiweki
Malinga ndi makhalidwe ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito pofufuza kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa intaneti, kusonkhanitsa magalimoto kungagawidwe m'magulu otsatirawa: kusonkhanitsa pang'ono ndi kusonkhanitsa kwathunthu, kusonkhanitsa kogwira ntchito ndi kusonkhanitsa kosagwira ntchito, kusonkhanitsa pakati ndi kusonkhanitsa kogawidwa, kusonkhanitsa zida ndi kusonkhanitsa mapulogalamu, ndi zina zotero. Ndi chitukuko cha kusonkhanitsa magalimoto, njira zina zogwirira ntchito komanso zothandiza zosonkhanitsira magalimoto zapangidwa kutengera malingaliro omwe ali pamwambapa.
Ukadaulo wosonkhanitsa magalimoto pa intaneti umaphatikizapo makamaka ukadaulo wowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito galasi la magalimoto, ukadaulo wowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula mapaketi nthawi yeniyeni, ukadaulo wowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito SNMP/RMON, ndi ukadaulo wowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira magalimoto pa intaneti monga NetiowsFlow. Pakati pawo, ukadaulo wowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito galasi la magalimoto umaphatikizapo njira ya TAP yeniyeni ndi njira yogawa yogwiritsira ntchito hardware probe.
1. Kutengera ndi Kuwunika Magalasi a Magalimoto
Mfundo yaukadaulo wowunikira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lonse ndikupeza kusonkhanitsa kosataya kwa magalimoto pa intaneti kudzera pagalasi la zida zapaintaneti monga ma switch kapena zida zina monga optical splitter ndi network probe. Kuwunika kwa netiweki yonse kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa, kuyika probe mu ulalo uliwonse, kenako kusonkhanitsa deta ya ma probe onse kudzera pa seva yakumbuyo ndi database, ndikupanga kusanthula kwa magalimoto ndi lipoti la nthawi yayitali la netiweki yonse. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zosonkhanitsira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusonkhanitsa zithunzi za magalimoto ndikuti chimapereka chidziwitso chochuluka cha magawo ogwiritsira ntchito.
2. Kutengera ndi Kuwunika Kujambula Paketi Pakanthawi Konse
Kutengera ukadaulo wofufuza mapaketi nthawi yeniyeni, imapereka kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa deta kuyambira pa gawo lenileni mpaka gawo logwiritsira ntchito, kuyang'ana kwambiri kusanthula kwa protocol. Imagwira mapaketi olumikizirana munthawi yochepa kuti iwunikenso, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mwachangu ndi yankho la magwiridwe antchito ndi cholakwika cha netiweki. Ili ndi zofooka izi: siyingathe kujambula mapaketi okhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso nthawi yayitali, ndipo siyingathe kusanthula kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.
3. Ukadaulo Woyang'anira Wogwiritsa Ntchito SNMP/RMON
Kuyang'anira magalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya SNMP/RMON kumasonkhanitsa zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi zida zinazake ndi zambiri zokhudza magalimoto kudzera mu chipangizo cha netiweki cha MIB. Zimaphatikizapo: kuchuluka kwa ma byte olowera, kuchuluka kwa ma packet olowera osawulutsidwa, kuchuluka kwa ma packet owulutsidwa, kuchuluka kwa ma packet olowera osawulutsidwa, kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za ma packet olowera, kuchuluka kwa ma packet osadziwika olowera, kuchuluka kwa ma packet otuluka, kuchuluka kwa ma packet otuluka osawulutsidwa, kuchuluka kwa ma packet owulutsidwa, kuchuluka kwa ma packet otuluka, kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za ma packet otuluka, ndi zina zotero. Popeza ma router ambiri tsopano amathandizira SNMP yokhazikika, ubwino wa njira iyi ndikuti palibe zida zina zowonjezera zopezera deta zomwe zimafunikira. Komabe, imangophatikizapo zinthu zoyambira monga kuchuluka kwa ma byte ndi kuchuluka kwa ma packet, zomwe sizoyenera kuwunika magalimoto movutikira.
4. Ukadaulo Wowunikira Magalimoto Ochokera ku Netflow
Kutengera ndi kuyang'anira magalimoto a Nethow, zambiri za magalimoto zomwe zimaperekedwa zimakulitsidwa kufika pa chiwerengero cha ma byte ndi mapaketi kutengera ziwerengero za five-tuple (adilesi ya IP yochokera, adilesi ya IP yochokera, doko lochokera, doko lochokera, nambala ya protocol), zomwe zimatha kusiyanitsa kuyenda kwa njira iliyonse yolondola. Njira yowunikira ili ndi luso lapamwamba losonkhanitsa chidziwitso, koma singathe kusanthula zambiri za gawo lenileni ndi gawo lolumikizira deta, ndipo imafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zoyendetsera. Nthawi zambiri imafunika kulumikiza gawo losiyana la ntchito ku zida za netiweki.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-17-2024
